As you know, with Intune you can control when Windows Updates are being deployed using Update Rings profile.
Well, starting October 2024, Windows 11 22H2 or later will start getting automatically any quality updates (aka Patch Tuesday updates) during the Out Of the Box Experience during the enrollment process.
This means starting October, the enrollment process may take a bit longer than usual due to the quality updates installation.
This change is being made by Microsoft to ensure every new enrolled devices are up to date before end-user can start using them. (read official communication here Important changes to the Windows enrollment experience coming soon – Microsoft Community Hub)
This applies to any Windows enrollment, not just autopilot process.
As result, you may need to review your enrollment status page time out (Show an error when installation takes longer than specified number of minutes) and/or your Temporary Access Pass expiration (Configure a Temporary Access Pass in Microsoft Entra ID to register passwordless authentication methods – Microsoft Entra ID | Microsoft Learn) to ensure both are taking into account the additional time required for the updates deployment.