To follow a previous post regarding issues after installing the August Cumulative Updates for SharePoint 2010, here is a quick update.
As I have open a support case, I received yesterday a confirmation (unfortunately), there are known issues with the August CU packages.
Regarding the synchronization profile service application, Microsoft is aware that the services won’t start anymore after applying the package.
Actually, the only solution is to delete the profile SA and recreate it 
; as this may not be a solution (due to the social network information already entered by users), there may be a solution to re import data after recreation.
I’m waiting for this action plan to test.